Wrench



W. S. BELLOWS'.

WRENCH. APPLICATION FILE ocr. 2. 1919.

Patented June 20, 1922.

INVENTUI? wanitiiivjs. BnLLows, 'or woncnsrnn, MASSACHUSETTS.

'i' QFFICE.

wanneer.V

Specicaticno'f Letters Patent. Patentedv J 1111 r`20, 1922. j

Application led October 2, 1919. `Serial No. 328,008.

The present invention relates to tools, andY more particularly to that typel known as wrenches.

An object of the present invention vis to. provide a wrench of the socketv type andV which has a pawl and ratchet movement, the f mounting of the pawl and the arrangement ofthe teeth of the ratchet being 'such 'as to direct stresses imparted uponthe headof the wrench directly through the head and longitudinally7 of the pawl to offset any tendency to distort or'unseat thev pawl and any tendency to break oif the teeth of the ratchet.

Another object of the invention is to .pro-

vide a ratchet wrench which may have interchangeable handles of various lengths.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved structure of ratchet wrench the 'parts of which may be 4readily assembled andV separated and wherein the stress imparted to the head of the wrench is directed as a longitudinal thrust against the handle.

lith these and other objects in view, the invention consists in certain novel combinations and arrangements of the parts as will more fully appear as the description proceeds, the novel features thereof being pointed out in the appended claims.

For a full understanding of the invention,

reference is to be had to the following de` scrip-tion and accompanying drawings, in

which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section taken in an edgewise direction through 'a'ratchet wrench constructed according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a similar view taken substantially on the line 2 2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on the line 2%#3 of Figure 1.

lCorresponding and like parts are referred to in the following description and indicatedv in all the views of the drawings by the same *i reference characters.

Referring to the drawing 1 designates a hand-hold of any suitable configuration and. length and which is provided upon what may be termed as its outer end with a shank porshank 2. Y V

The side plates and 7 constitute the tion 2 formed by the rreduction in width ofthe outer end of the handnhold 1 to pro-vide flat opposedl seats or lfaces 3 and which perforation-4 adapted to receive therein a sc rew 5 for holding a pair of side plates 6 and 7 against the opposite sides of the component elements of a casing or outer handle portionwhich projects lengthwise from the outer end of the hand-hold 1 and forms therewith the handle or lever of the wrench.y The plates 6 and'7, atl their inner ends are adapted to seat against the opposite flat faces 3 of the shank 2 and .toy'engage-at their inner edges against shoulders 8 formed at the juncture between the hand-hold 1 and the'shank 2. The screw 5 passes through the plates-6 and 7 and the perforation 1, and has its threaded end inf engagement with threads formed inone of theplates, such as the plate 7 as illustrated in Figure 2. It is desirable to counter-sink the apertured portions of the plates 6 and 7 through which the screw 5 passes to maintain relatively f flat and uninterrupted .side faces to the handle or lever of the'wrench. The plates 6 and 7 are detachablyheldtogether at their outer end portions by a second transversely extending screw 9 which is similarly countersunk and threaded in the plates. As shown in `Figure 3,a rivet 10 or other similar fastening device may be secured through Y the side plates 6 and 7 and through a suitable aperture formedthrough the outer end of the shank 2 in spaced relation to the screw 5 for the purpose of bracing the side plates 6 and 7 lon the-handhold 1 and thus reinforcing the structure. v

The outer end of the plates 6 `and 7 are preferably enlarged and 'rounded to form a housing 11 intoI which is lfitted a head 12.

. The plates A6 and 7 are provided in opposite sides of the housing 11 with bearing openings 18 intowhic'hjournal bosses 14 of the head 12 are adapted to engage, the bosses 14' being formed on opposite sides: of the head 12 and serving as supports for the head in the sides of the housing. The head 12 is provided, between'l the plates 6 and 7 with peripheral teeth 15' which-have radially eX- tending-sides 16 and inclined sides 17, the latter diverging inwardly from the adjacent radial sides 16 and adapted to substantially meet the base ofl thenext adjacent'tooth. The throats formedbetween the teeth 15 are shank,2 also has a 4transverse opening or.

preferably slightly tapers from its inner `end to its nose 18 and which has its inner end rounded to form a bearing surface 2O 'adapted to seat in a correspondingly formed notch o-r recess 21 in the outer end of Vthe shank 2. The recess 21 and the bearing portion 20 are substantially' semicircular in form to provide' a supporting and pivot seat for the pawl 19 to admit the swinging of the latter upon its bearing 2'0 and to support the pawl in all of its positions by a thrust extending longitudinally from end to end of the pawl. The pawl 19 is preferably an-y f cho-red in its recess or seat 21 by a U-shaped link or locking pin 22 having its ends engaged' in recesses or apertures formed respectively in the bearing end 2O of thelpawl and the outerend of the shank 2, the said apertures or .recesses being formed transversely inthe pawl and the shank to receive the locking pin 22 by a transverseor lateral movement of the same. The closed end of the locking pin 22 is counter-sunk or' seated in the lateral faces of the pawl 19 and the shank 2,r Vand `the adjacent side plate 6 is adapted to bear against the locking pin 22 for maintaining it from accidental displace ment. A spring 23 has one end seated in one edge of the awl 19 and its other end bearing against t e adjacent edge portion of the casing formed by the plates 6 and 7. The plates 6 and 7' are formed with complemental marginal `flanges 24;. adapted to meet when the plates are brought into closed relation and to maint-ain the plates throughout their lengths equidistantly spaced apart for housing the pawl and the head of the Wrench. The teethy 15 of the head holds the latter from moving out of the apertures 13 and serves as a means for centering the head within the housing. The spring 23 normally urges the pawl 19 to swing about its pivot end 20 sufficiently to bind the nose 18 in the throat formed between adjacent teeth, the nose 18 having the beveled side 25l which', when the pawl is in locking position, lies in a plane substantially radial to the axis of rotation of the head 12. As the flat side 25' of the pawl and the radial side 16V of the adjacent tooth are adapted to abut in facev contact, any pressure exerted to e'ect the relative turning of the head 12 and the handle, is distributed in a radial thrust from the '.-head 12 to a longitudinal thrust through the pawl 19, and the latter thrust is taken up throughthe bearing pivoted end 2O of the pawl and the hand-holdl.

There is therefore but Vlittle. strain im posed upon the ratchet Jteeth 15, and the latter about its'bearing pivoted end 20 until the nose 18 engages in the'throat between adjacent teeth.y The spring thus merelydirects the nose 18 of the pawl into proper position forsubsequent locking, the ilat faces pawl 19, takingupfthe thrust longitudinally, Y

16V and 25 of the teeth and the pawl cooperating to wedge or urge the nose of toward the base of the' teeth. n.

Having thus described the invention, what Il claim as new and' desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a wrench, in combination, a handle member, a socket head mounted to turn on the handle member and provided with ratchet teeth, anda pawl pivoted and seated the pawl" at one end against thev handle member at `one side of the longitudinal axis thereof,

said pawl being provided with a nose adapted to engage between the teeth of 'the socket head and having a flat face for surface contact with the adjacent toothed shoulder to wedge the nose of the pawl radially inward with respect to the socket head 'l'or'transmitt-ingV strain radi-,ally through the head and longitudinally through the pawL 2. In a wrench, in combination, a handle member, a. socket head rotatably mounted on the handle member, and a pawl on the handle member, said socket head having peripheral ratchet teeth and said'pawl being pivo-ted at one end on and seated at said end against the. handle member for supporting t-he pawl and taking up thrust directed longitudinally thereagainst, saidpawl being adapted to engage in the throats of said ratchet teeth and having a nose con forming to the contour of the throats, whereby strain exerted upon the head is directed radially` therethrough and longitudinally through the pawl to said handle member.

3". A wrench comprising ahand-hold ha i1'- ing a reduced end portion, a pair of coinplemental casingsections secured upon the reduced end portion and constituting a conof said handehold.

WARREN s. BnLLows. 

